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Updated: May 11, 2026

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How Should Treatment of Animals Beyond the Lab Factor Into Institutional Review?

Laurie Sellars¹, Jeff Sebo²

¹Associate research scholar and postgraduate fellow with the Law, Ethics & Animals Program at Yale Law School in New Haven, Connecticut.

AMA Journal of Ethics

|September 9, 2024

Summary

Ethical considerations for nonhuman research subjects must extend beyond the laboratory to include risks during breeding, transport, and at study

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Area of Science:

Animal Ethics
Laboratory Animal Science

Background:

Current discussions on nonhuman research ethics predominantly focus on in-laboratory animal welfare.
Critical decisions impacting animal welfare occur outside the laboratory, including breeding, transportation, and end-of-study procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and highlight the extra-laboratory risks and harms faced by nonhuman research subjects.
To advocate for the ethical consideration of these extra-laboratory risks by researchers and institutional review boards.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on risks and harms to nonhuman animals outside of laboratory settings.
Emphasis on commonly used research animals such as rodents and fish.

Main Results:

Identified significant risks and harms to nonhuman research subjects occurring during breeding, transportation, and end-of-study protocols.
These extra-laboratory phases present unique ethical challenges not typically addressed in standard laboratory ethics discussions.

Conclusions:

Extra-laboratory risks and harms to nonhuman research subjects require dedicated ethical consideration.
Researchers and institutional review boards must expand ethical oversight to encompass the entire lifecycle of research animals, not just in-lab phases.