Neighborhood Racial and Ethnic Predominance, Child Opportunity, and Violence-Related Mortality among Children and Adolescents in Chicago
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Child Opportunity Index (COI) partially mediates the link between neighborhood racial/ethnic composition and child violence mortality. Neighborhood factors are key targets for reducing youth violence.
Area Of Science
- Environmental Health
- Social Epidemiology
- Child Health
Background
- Neighborhood socioeconomic and built environment factors significantly impact child health outcomes.
- Child Opportunity Index (COI) is a validated measure of neighborhood conditions relevant to children.
- Understanding mediators of racial/ethnic disparities in violence-related mortality is crucial for targeted interventions.
Purpose Of The Study
- To investigate if the Child Opportunity Index (COI) mediates the association between census tract racial/ethnic predominance and violence-related mortality in children and adolescents (ages 0-19).
- To examine the direct and indirect effects of Black or Hispanic predominance versus White predominance on violence-related mortality, with COI as a mediator.
Main Methods
- Cross-sectional study utilizing data from the American Community Survey, COI 2.0, and the Illinois Violent Death Reporting System (2015-2019) in Chicago.
- Census tract Black, Hispanic, White, and other race predominance (>50% population) was the primary exposure.
- Mediation analysis using multivariable logistic regression assessed the role of COI in the relationship between neighborhood racial/ethnic composition and violence-related mortality.
Main Results
- Census tract Black predominance showed a direct association with increased violence-related mortality (aOR 2.59, 95% CI 1.30-5.14) compared to White predominance.
- COI partially mediated the effect of census tract Black predominance (64.9% indirect effect) and Hispanic predominance (67.9% indirect effect) on violence-related mortality.
- No significant direct association was found between census tract Hispanic predominance and violence-related mortality compared to White predominance (aOR 1.57, 95% CI 0.88-2.84).
Conclusions
- The Child Opportunity Index (COI) partially mediates the relationship between census tract Black and Hispanic predominance and violence-related mortality among youth.
- Neighborhood-level social and economic factors, as captured by COI, play a significant role in the disparities observed in child violence mortality.
- Interventions addressing neighborhood socioeconomic and environmental conditions are recommended to reduce violence-related mortality in children and adolescents.
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