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Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether...
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Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

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Polyphosphonate covalent organic frameworks.

Ke Xu1, Robert Oestreich2, Takin Haj Hassani Sohi2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biology, Inorganic Materials Chemistry, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, Siegen, Germany.

Nature Communications
|September 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed stable polyphosphonate covalent organic frameworks (COFs) using a sustainable, single-step synthesis. These microporous COFs demonstrate excellent stability in water and electrolytes, with potential for CO2 capture.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline porous polymers with diverse applications.
  • Developing stable COFs, especially for aqueous or electrochemical environments, remains a challenge.
  • Existing synthesis methods often involve harsh reagents or multiple steps.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel polyphosphonate covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with enhanced stability.
  • To explore a sustainable, single-step synthesis route for COF construction.
  • To evaluate the stability and CO2 capture capabilities of the newly developed COFs.

Main Methods:

  • A single-step condensation reaction of a charge-assisted hydrogen-bonded organic framework precursor.
  • Heating the precursor above 210°C to induce oligomerization and form the amorphous microporous structure.
  • Solid-state double-quantum 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to confirm P-O-P bond formation.
  • Gas sorption measurements to assess porosity and CO2 capture.
  • Electrochemical stability testing in aqueous electrolyte.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized polyphosphonate COFs via a sustainable, reagent-free heating method.
  • The resulting COFs exhibit amorphous microporous structures with stable P-O-P linkages.
  • Demonstrated good water and water vapor stability, along with electrochemical stability in aqueous Na2SO4.
  • The narrow pores effectively captured carbon dioxide (CO2).

Conclusions:

  • The developed polyphosphonate COFs offer a stable and sustainable alternative for porous materials.
  • These COFs fill a critical gap for applications in aqueous and electrochemical systems.
  • The materials show promise for carbon capture technologies due to their pore structure and stability.