The association between cumulative exposure to PM2.5 and DNA methylation measured using methyl-capture sequencing

Hyun Woo Ji1, Jieun Kang2, Hwan-Cheol Kim3

  • 1Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea.

Respiratory Research
|September 9, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) significantly alters DNA methylation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Mid-term exposure showed the highest impact on DNA methylation, linking to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer pathways.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Particulate matter (PM2.5) is known to influence gene regulation through DNA methylation.
  • The precise mechanisms by which PM2.5 affects DNA methylation remain unclear.
  • This study investigates the link between personal PM2.5 exposure and DNA methylation in CpG islands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between personal PM2.5 exposure and DNA methylation patterns.
  • To identify gene pathways affected by PM2.5-induced DNA methylation.
  • To explore the relationship in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Main Methods:

  • 95 male COPD patients were monitored for 12 months.
  • Individual PM2.5 exposure was assessed over short-term (7 days), mid-term (35 days), and long-term (90 days).
  • DNA methylation analysis was performed on blood samples using Illumina NovaSeq 6000, followed by mixed-effects modeling and functional enrichment analysis.

Main Results:

  • Differential methylation was observed at numerous CpG sites, varying with exposure duration and model type.
  • Key genes such as TMTC2, GLRX3, DCAF15, CNOT6L, BSN, and SENP6 showed significant associations with PM2.5 exposure.
  • Functional analysis linked these genes to pathways involved in synaptic transmission in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.

Conclusions:

  • A significant association exists between PM2.5 exposure and DNA methylation, particularly evident with short-term exposure.
  • Mid-term PM2.5 exposure demonstrated the most substantial impact on DNA methylation levels.
  • The study identified pathways related to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer as being associated with PM2.5 exposure in COPD patients.

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