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Libman-Sacks Endocarditis in a Congenital Valve Defect: A Case Report
Soukaina Zaher1, Kawtar Nassar2, Ahlam Ajerouassi2,3
1Rheumatology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center of Casablanca, Casablanca, MAR.
Cureus
|September 10, 2024
Summary
Libman-Sacks endocarditis, a rare systemic lupus erythematosus complication, can be fatal in patients with congenital heart defects. Aggressive treatment may not prevent severe outcomes in complex cases.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Rheumatology
- Pathology
Background:
- Libman-Sacks endocarditis (LSE) is a rare, noninfectious valvular complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
- Congenital heart valve malformations can predispose individuals to cardiac complications.
Observation:
- A 20-year-old woman with SLE and congenital mitral valve agenesis presented with dyspnea and right heart failure.
- Despite SLE treatment, she developed severe mitral insufficiency and vegetations.
Findings:
- Active lupus, mitral valve vegetation, agenesis of the posterior mitral leaflet, and severe mitral insufficiency were diagnosed.
- The patient's condition deteriorated despite treatment, leading to a fatal outcome.
Implications:
- Severe valvulopathy in SLE, especially with congenital defects, can lead to poor prognosis.
- This case highlights the critical interplay between autoimmune disease and underlying cardiac anomalies.
- Early recognition and management of cardiac involvement in SLE are crucial.
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