Rugoscopic Evaluation of Periodontal Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction  Rugoscopy, which is the study of the ridges on the roof of the mouth, or rugae palatinae, is frequently employed to identify individuals. Since these ridges maintain their shape throughout a person's life, their unique patterns are used as a diagnostic aid for periodontal diseases. Objective  The aim of this study is to explore the connection between palatal rugae patterns and periodontal diseases. Methodology A study group of 120 patients aged between 18 and 60 was meticulously grouped according to the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) 1999 classification of periodontal diseases: Group A comprised healthy individuals, Group B had patients diagnosed with gingivitis, Group C included patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis, and Group D had patients diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis. Maxillary impressions from each group were cast in dental stone and analyzed in detail for rugae patterns. Results  Patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis predominantly showed a sinuous rugae pattern, while those with aggressive periodontitis exhibited an angular rugae pattern. Using the chi-square test (p < 0.05) to perform statistical analysis confirmed a significant association between rugae patterns and diagnosis, thus supporting the hypothesis of a nuanced relationship between palatal rugae patterns and specific periodontal conditions. Conclusion In summary, palatal rugoscopy provides a sophisticated and precise method for identifying and understanding various periodontal conditions, offering a potential breakthrough in diagnosing and prognosticating these conditions.