Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the lumbosacral nerve plexus: A case report

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Neurology
• Radiology

Background:

• Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) / Ewing sarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy.
• PNET/Ewing sarcoma of the lumbosacral nerve plexus is exceptionally uncommon.

Observation:

• A 17-year-old male presented with severe lower back pain radiating to the legs.
• MRI revealed a soft tissue mass encasing lumbar and sacral nerve roots (L5-S3), foraminal widening, vertebral scalloping, and sacral bone invasion.

Findings:

• Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of PNET/Ewing sarcoma after partial resection.
• The combination of MRI and histopathology is vital for accurate diagnosis.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering rare diagnoses in spinal oncology.
• Early detection and multidisciplinary management are critical for improving outcomes in aggressive spinal tumors.
• Further research into PNET/Ewing sarcoma of the lumbosacral region is warranted due to its rarity and poor prognosis.