Multifocal Gorham-Stout disease in a thirteen-year-old boy with horseshoe kidney: A case report

Gorham-Stout disease is a rare condition characterized by the massive osteolysis replaced with vascular or lymphatic proliferation and fibrous tissue. We report the case of a 13-year-old boy complaining of occasional lower back pain. Spinal X-ray showed scoliosis and pelvic asymmetry, CT and MRI revealed multiple osteolysis replaced by soft tissue without osteogenesis in lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, iliac bone, ischium and acetabulum and horseshoe kidney. Laboratory and clinical findings excluded all other potential causes of osteolysis and the patient was diagnosed as Gorham-Stout disease, although no lymphangioma or hemangioma were found in the specimen of right iliac bone. The report shows an unusual, multifocal Gorham-Stout disease in a 13-year-old boy with horseshoe kidney, suggesting that the typical imaging findings and raising awareness of the disease can facilitate timely diagnosis for the disease.