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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
688
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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Structure, function, and immunomodulation of the CD8 co-receptor.

Shreyaa Srinivasan1,2, Cheng Zhu2,3, Andrew C McShan1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|September 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The CD8 co-receptor on T cells plays a crucial role in immune responses beyond conventional T cell activation. Its structure, interactions, and modulation are key for advancing immunotherapy research.

Keywords:
CD8 co-receptorT cell receptorT cell signalingchimeric antigen receptorimmunomodulationmajor histocompatibility complexmonoclonal antibodies

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • CD8 co-receptor is essential for CD8+ T cell function, impacting antigen recognition, maturation, and signaling.
  • Emerging evidence reveals CD8's diverse roles in both adaptive and innate immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immunomodulatory properties and multifaceted roles of the CD8 co-receptor.
  • To explore CD8 structure-function relationships and its therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CD8 structure, function, and interactions.
  • Analysis of CD8 domains, homodimers/heterodimers, and molecular partnerships.
  • Discussion of engineered CD8 variants, mutations, and antibody-based targeting.

Main Results:

  • Detailed examination of CD8 domains (ectodomain, hinge, transmembrane, cytoplasmic tail).
  • Exploration of CD8αα homodimers and CD8αβ heterodimers.
  • Analysis of CD8 interactions with MHC-I, non-classical MHCs, and Lck signaling partners.

Conclusions:

  • CD8 exhibits significant immunomodulatory properties with broad implications for basic science.
  • Understanding CD8 is vital for advancing translational research in targeted immunotherapy.
  • CD8 structure and interactions offer promising avenues for novel therapeutic strategies.