Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosome-Integrated Antibacterial Hydrogels for Nasal Mucosal Injury Treatment

Hydrogels have emerged as appealing prospects for wound healing due to their superior biocompatible qualities. However, the integration of antibacterial active substances into hydrogels for effective wound repair remains challenging. Here, we present a novel double-network hydrogel for nasal mucosal injury repair with antibacterial and self-healing capabilities. This hydrogel is the result of mixing aldehyde polyethylene glycol (PEG) and a carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)-based hydrogel with a photocured methylacrylate gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel to envelop mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (MSC-Exos). CMCS is rich in amino groups and facilitates antibacterial repair. Given the dynamically reversible Schiff base connections between the amino group of chitosan and the aldehyde group of modified PEG, the hydrogel can be easily injected into the lesion site because of its excellent injection and shear thinning properties. GelMA introduces an additional network layer for the hydrogel, which enhances its strength and extends the duration of stem cell exosomes on the wound surface. On the basis of these characteristics, we provide evidence that this compound hydrogel can substantially increase cell proliferation and regeneration, inhibit scar hyperplasia, and stimulate angiogenesis in rabbit nasal septum mucosa trauma models. These results suggest that MSC exosome-loaded hydrogels (ME-Gel) have substantial clinical potential for the repair and regeneration of nasal mucosa after surgery or trauma.