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The Effect of Resisted Sprint Training on Acceleration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Elizabeth K Aldrich1, Katherine Sullivan1, Jonathan E Wingo1
1Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
International Journal of Exercise Science
|September 10, 2024
Summary
Resisted sprint training offers minimal improvement in sprint acceleration compared to unresisted running. This systematic review found no significant difference between resisted sprint and unresisted running training volumes for enhancing sprint speed.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Exercise Physiology
- Biomechanics
Background:
- Resisted sprint (RS) training, including sled or parachute towing, is widely used by field sport athletes.
- Limited research exists on the specific benefits of RS training compared to unresisted running (UR) training with similar volumes.
- Understanding the impact of RS training on sprint acceleration is crucial for optimizing athletic performance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze the effectiveness of resisted sprint training on acceleration compared to unresisted running training.
- To determine if RS training provides superior benefits for sprint acceleration over UR training.
- To synthesize current research findings on resisted sprint training and sprint performance.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed articles published in English before June 12, 2022.
- Searched EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Web of Science databases using keywords such as 'towing', 'sled', 'resisted sprint', 'sprint acceleration', 'sprint performance', and 'sprint speed'.
- Included 15 eligible studies, analyzing 50 effects to assess the impact of RS training on initial sprint speed.
Main Results:
- Resisted sprint training demonstrated a small improvement in acceleration.
- The improvement in acceleration from RS training was not statistically different from that of UR training conducted with equivalent volumes (Hedges' d = 0.11, p=0.08).
- The confidence interval for the effect size ranged from -0.01 to 0.23, indicating no significant advantage.
Conclusions:
- Current evidence does not support the use of resisted sprint training over unresisted running training for enhancing initial sprint speed.
- While RS training may offer slight benefits, it is not superior to UR training when volumes are matched.
- Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the effects of resisted sprint training on sprint performance and to explore optimal training methodologies.
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