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How firearm legislation impacts firearm mortality internationally: A scoping review
Brianna Greenberg1, Alexandria Bennett2, Asad Naveed3,4
1Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Health Policy OPEN
|September 10, 2024
Summary
National, restrictive firearm laws effectively reduce firearm violence mortality. This evidence supports policymakers in developing effective legislation to decrease gun-related injuries and deaths.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Health Policy
Background:
- The existing body of research on gun violence is extensive but varied.
- Studies often describe diverse legislation types and their outcomes.
- There is a need to systematically document evidence on firearm legislation's impact on mortality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and document the evidence regarding the impact of firearm legislation on firearm violence mortality.
- To understand the extent and nature of research on this topic.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
- Searches included peer-reviewed literature up to March 2024 and grey literature.
- Data extraction focused on study design, country, population, legislation type, and conclusions on mortality outcomes (suicide, homicide, femicide, domestic violence).
Main Results:
- 202 articles met the eligibility criteria after reviewing over 5000 titles.
- Federal legislation was analyzed across countries, with state-specific laws reported from the U.S.
- Various legislative strategies were identified, showing diverse effects on firearm homicide, suicide, and femicide rates, potentially due to design, implementation, and evaluation limitations.
Conclusions:
- National, restrictive firearm laws are associated with reduced population-level firearm mortality.
- Findings provide crucial information for policymakers, public health researchers, and governments aiming to reduce firearm-related deaths and injuries.
