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Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Published on: March 2, 2016

Au/Ag@polyoxometalate core-shell structures: from nanoparticles to atomically precise nanoclusters.

Xiu-Xia Ding¹, Wen-Zhu Yang¹, Sheng-Jie Yao¹

¹Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, No.688, Yingbin Avenue, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China. jzg@zjnu.cn.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)

|September 10, 2024

Summary

This review highlights polyoxometalate (POM)-decorated gold and silver core-shell structures (Au/Ag@POMs). These advanced nanomaterials show great promise for catalysis, medicine, and biology due to their tunable properties.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Chemistry

Background:

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are versatile inorganic clusters with tunable properties.
Gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles are widely used in catalysis and medicine.
Combining POMs with Au/Ag nanoparticles creates novel core-shell structures with enhanced functionalities.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the fabrication strategies for polyoxometalate (POM)-decorated gold (Au) and silver (Ag) core-shell structures (Au/Ag@POMs).
To emphasize the application potential of Au/Ag@POMs in catalysis, medicine, and biology.
To explore the structural characterization and electronic interactions within Au/Ag@POM architectures.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of Au/Ag@POMs using POMs as protective ligands, reducing agents, and for ligand exchange.
Characterization of nanoparticle size, shape, and POM shell architecture using cryo-electron microscopy.
Integration of findings on atomically precise POM-stabilized nanoclusters to understand interfacial properties.

Main Results:

Diverse morphologies and dimensions of Au/Ag@POMs can be controllably synthesized.
Cryo-electron microscopy provides detailed insights into the nanoparticle and POM shell structures.
Understanding of surface interface structures, atomic architectures, and electronic interactions between POM shells and metallic cores is enhanced.

Conclusions:

Significant progress has been made in the controllable synthesis and precise structural manipulation of Au/Ag@POM architectures.
These advancements pave the way for engineering high-performance metal catalysts.
Au/Ag@POMs offer substantial application potential in catalysis, medicine, and biology.