Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

2.2K
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
2.2K
Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution01:10

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution

3.3K
For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only situation in which the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are equal is when a polymer consists only of chains with equal molecular weight. However, this never happens in a synthetic polymer, since it is difficult to control the polymerization process up to a molecular level with accuracy to a hundred percent.
3.3K
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

2.8K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
2.8K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.4K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.4K
Adaptability of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:12

Adaptability of Cytoskeletal Filaments

3.7K
The cytoskeleton is a complex dynamic structure performing varied functions based on cellular requirements. The adaptability of the individual filaments in the cytoskeleton determines their ability to perform various functions within the cell. It can undergo rapid reorganization during processes like cell division or remain stable for several hours as in the interphase. The adaptability of these filaments depends on stringent regulatory mechanisms. The microfilament and microtubules of the...
3.7K
Polymers02:34

Polymers

35.5K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
35.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Solid-Liquid Synergistic Smart-Lubrication System for Long-Lasting Low Friction and Extreme Wear Resistance.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2025
Same author

Solvent-Assisted CO<sub>2</sub> Foaming Induced Ultralarge Pore Span Hierarchically Porous Polyimide.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025
Same author

Multifunctional Polyurethane Exhibiting High Mechanical Performance and Shape-Memory-Assisted Self-Healing.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

Dynamic Non-Covalent Bonds Powering Enhanced Temporary Shape Retention Temperature and Mechanical Robustness in Shape Memory Polyurethane.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2024
Same author

Ultratough Supramolecular Polyurethane Featuring an Interwoven Network with Recyclability, Ideal Self-Healing and Editable Shape Memory Properties.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2024
Same author

Controllable fabrication of CoNi bimetallic alloy for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption.

RSC advances·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold
09:37

Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold

Published on: October 23, 2015

12.6K

Exploring the Adaptability of 4D Printed Shape Memory Polymer Featuring Dynamic Covalent Bonds.

Jing Zhang1,2, Mingkun Xu1,2, Nan Zhang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|September 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new dynamic shape memory polymer (DSMP) for 4D printing using digital light processing. This advanced material enables self-healing, recycling, and photothermal shape morphing for complex applications.

Keywords:
4D printingadaptivenessdynamic covalent bondsshape memory polymers

More Related Videos

Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture
10:53

Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture

Published on: July 4, 2011

13.4K
Interactive Molecular Model Assembly with 3D Printing
06:15

Interactive Molecular Model Assembly with 3D Printing

Published on: August 13, 2020

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold
09:37

Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold

Published on: October 23, 2015

12.6K
Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture
10:53

Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture

Published on: July 4, 2011

13.4K
Interactive Molecular Model Assembly with 3D Printing
06:15

Interactive Molecular Model Assembly with 3D Printing

Published on: August 13, 2020

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • 4D printing (4DP) using digital light processing (DLP) offers high precision for complex shapes.
  • Developing high-performance dynamic shape memory polymers (DSMPs) for DLP is challenging due to material incompatibilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a mechanically robust DSMP compatible with DLP printing.
  • To enable advanced functionalities like self-healing, recycling, and photothermal control in 4D printed structures.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of dynamic covalent imine bonds linking polyimide rigid segments into the polymer structure.
  • Utilizing digital light processing (DLP) for 4D printing the developed DSMP.

Main Results:

  • The DSMP exhibits excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength ~41.7 MPa, modulus ~1.63 GPa) and thermal stability (Tg ~113°C).
  • 4D printed structures demonstrate solid-state plasticity, enabling reconfiguration, self-healing, and recycling.
  • The material possesses an intrinsic photothermal effect for dual-mode triggered shape morphing.

Conclusions:

  • This work expands the applications of high-performance 4D printed configurations.
  • The developed DSMP offers a sustainable approach to material use and addresses environmental concerns.