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SNOT-22 in general population, a Spanish cohort study with an updated meta-analysis
L N Pineros-Garcia1, N I Gonzalez-Sanchez1, C Calvo-Henrique2
1Rhinology and Skull Base Unit, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Rhinology
|September 10, 2024
Summary
Olfactory training (OT) significantly improved smell function in individuals with persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory loss. Adherence to a 4-month OT program led to clinically meaningful gains in both orthonasal and retronasal smell abilities.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Neuroscience
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Olfactory loss is a common and disabling symptom of COVID-19 and long-COVID.
- Persistent olfactory dysfunction significantly impacts quality of life.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the effectiveness of olfactory training (OT) for post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction.
- To evaluate improvements in both orthonasal and retronasal olfaction.
Main Methods:
- Prospective observational study of 114 participants with post-COVID-19 olfactory loss.
- A 4-month olfactory training regimen was implemented.
- Comprehensive psychophysical evaluation of olfactory function at baseline and post-training.
Main Results:
- 60% adherence to the 4-month olfactory training program.
- Adherent participants showed greater average increases in TDI scores (6.0 vs. 2.6 points) and higher rates of clinically significant improvement (57% vs. 22%).
- Significant improvements in retronasal olfactory identification were observed in 56% of adherents compared to 16% of non-adherents.
Conclusions:
- Adherence to a 4-month olfactory training regimen can lead to clinically meaningful improvements.
- Olfactory training is effective for both orthonasal and retronasal olfactory function in post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction.
