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Paediatric abdominal compartment syndrome in a 4.6 kg infant

Audrey Therese Bowen1, Teerin Meckmongkol2

  • 1Emergency Department, Nemours Children's Health, Orlando, Florida, USA audrey.bowen@nemours.org.

BMJ Case Reports
|September 10, 2024
PubMed

Insights

This case study discusses a pediatric abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) in an infant with a history of intestinal atresia. Prompt recognition and management of ACS are crucial for reducing infant morbidity and mortality.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Infant with a history of intestinal atresia type IV repaired at birth presented with recurrent abdominal distension.
  • Previous admission for abdominal distension due to formula intolerance.

Observation:

  • Presented with hypothermia and mild respiratory distress, requiring intensive care unit admission.
  • Clinical status deteriorated rapidly, necessitating intubation and vasopressors.
  • Developed signs of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) despite initial resuscitation.

Findings:

  • Surgical decompression was required for abdominal compartment syndrome.
  • The patient experienced a prolonged hospital stay.
  • Discharged with total parenteral nutrition and G-tube feeds.

Implications:

  • Highlights the critical importance of early recognition of risk factors and symptoms of pediatric ACS.
  • Emphasizes the need for prompt management to reduce morbidity and mortality in pediatric ACS cases.
  • Underscores the complexity of managing infants with prior gastrointestinal surgery and developing ACS.

Keywords:
Emergency medicinePediatrics

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