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Epithelial tissues are large sheets of cells covering all of the surfaces of the body. These surfaces can be internal or external, for example, skin, airways, the digestive tract, the urinary system, and the reproductive system. Hollow organs and body cavities that do not connect to the body's exterior, including blood vessels and serous membranes, are lined by epithelial tissue known as the endothelium.
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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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The glandular epithelium is made of one or more epithelial cells modified to synthesize and secrete chemical substances. Glandular epithelia can be classified based on cell number. Unicellular glands have individual secretory cells scattered across the epithelial monolayer. In contrast, multicellular glands consist of a hollow tubular duct attached to the cluster of secretory cells located in the deep pockets.
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Physical aspects of epithelial cell-cell interactions: hidden system complexities.

Ivana Pajic-Lijakovic1, Milan Milivojevic2, Peter V E McClintock3

  • 1Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. iva@tmf.bg.ac.rs.

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|September 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Cell mechanical stress influences epithelial cell interactions and adhesion, impacting tissue organization and disease. This review integrates biological factors and mathematical models to understand these complex cell behaviors.

Keywords:
Adherens junctionsCell alignmentCell mechanical stressEpithelial monolayersFocal adhesionsViscoelasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Mathematical modeling

Background:

  • Epithelial cell self-organization is crucial for tissue development, repair, and cancer progression.
  • Increased cell density leads to mechanical stresses (compressive and shear) affecting cell-cell interactions.
  • These stresses can trigger cell rearrangements like epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, extrusion, and jamming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review biological and physical factors governing cell mechanical stress effects on cell interactions.
  • To analyze consequences for cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion contacts.
  • To provide a bio-physical/mathematical analysis of these biological phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of biological and physical factors.
  • Bio-physical and mathematical modeling of cell-cell interactions under stress.
  • Integration of experimental data with theoretical models.

Main Results:

  • Mechanical stress significantly alters cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion strengths.
  • Cell rearrangement dynamics are directly linked to mechanical stress components.
  • Complex bio-physical/mathematical equations describe these intricate biological systems.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding cell mechanical stress requires integrating biological insights with mathematical frameworks.
  • Experimental validation is essential for refining bio-physical/mathematical models.
  • This interdisciplinary approach is key to deciphering complex tissue dynamics.