Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

859
The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
859
Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

2.2K
The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
2.2K
Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion01:15

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion

2.3K
Once the process of glomerular filtration is completed, blood carrying unfiltered drug molecules traverses through efferent arterioles and makes its way into the peritubular capillaries in the proximal tubule. A variety of carriers play a pivotal role in actively secreting drugs from these peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid. The organic anion transporter transfers acidic drugs, against an electrochemical gradient, from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule cells and...
2.3K
Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion01:28

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

1.8K
Tubular secretion and reabsorption are two critical processes in the nephron tubule of the kidneys. When the fluid filtered from the glomerulus enters the proximal convoluted tubule, it is referred to as filtrate, and its composition changes due to tubular reabsorption and secretion.
Tubular reabsorption is a selective process that starts when the filtrate enters the proximal tubules. It involves substances traveling through the transcellular route (through the tubule cell and peritubular...
1.8K
Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation01:28

Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation

2.4K
The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function, reflecting the volume of filtrate formed per minute in the kidneys. On average, GFR is approximately 125 mL/min in males and 105 mL/min in females. Maintaining a relatively constant GFR is essential for the kidneys to effectively regulate body fluid homeostasis and maintain extracellular stability.
GFR regulation involves two primary intrinsic controls: the myogenic and tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms.
The myogenic...
2.4K
Filtration and Urine Formation01:32

Filtration and Urine Formation

49.9K
The function of the kidneys is to filter, reabsorb, secrete, and excrete. Every day the kidneys filter nearly 180 liters of blood, initially removing water and solutes but ultimately returning nearly all filtrates into circulation with the help of osmoregulatory hormones. This process removes wastes and toxins but is also crucial to maintain water and electrolyte levels. Most of these functions are performed by the tiny but numerous nephrons contained within the kidneys.
49.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Decoding Immune Regulation: From Genetic Variation to Mechanism Through Single-Cell Genomics.

Immune network·2026
Same author

Primary cilia promote cardiac fibrosis and limit heart function after myocardial infarction.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Smoothened and ciliary GPCRs regulate ciliary protein kinase A activity involved in Hedgehog signal transduction.

PLoS biology·2026
Same author

LASER couples damage sensing to ESCRT assembly for lysosome repair.

Nature·2026
Same author

GWAS of extended prescription analgesic use identifies genetic loci in chronic pain.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

CDK1 and CEP97 cooperatively control centriole length to orchestrate ciliogenesis and developmental patterning.

Genes & development·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Generation of Human Kidney Tubuloids from Tissue and Urine
08:34

Generation of Human Kidney Tubuloids from Tissue and Urine

Published on: April 16, 2021

4.7K

Variants in tubule epithelial regulatory elements mediate most heritable differences in human kidney function.

Gabriel B Loeb1,2, Pooja Kathail3, Richard W Shuai4

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Gabriel.Loeb@ucsf.edu.

Nature Genetics
|September 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study identified 430 genetic regions influencing kidney function in adults. Most of these genetic effects on kidney function stem from changes in kidney tubule epithelial and podocyte cells.

More Related Videos

Implementing Patch Clamp and Live Fluorescence Microscopy to Monitor Functional Properties of Freshly Isolated PKD Epithelium
08:46

Implementing Patch Clamp and Live Fluorescence Microscopy to Monitor Functional Properties of Freshly Isolated PKD Epithelium

Published on: September 1, 2015

9.8K
Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells
09:40

Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Published on: June 20, 2018

17.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Generation of Human Kidney Tubuloids from Tissue and Urine
08:34

Generation of Human Kidney Tubuloids from Tissue and Urine

Published on: April 16, 2021

4.7K
Implementing Patch Clamp and Live Fluorescence Microscopy to Monitor Functional Properties of Freshly Isolated PKD Epithelium
08:46

Implementing Patch Clamp and Live Fluorescence Microscopy to Monitor Functional Properties of Freshly Isolated PKD Epithelium

Published on: September 1, 2015

9.8K
Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells
09:40

Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Published on: June 20, 2018

17.4K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Nephrology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Kidney failure significantly impacts morbidity and mortality.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of kidney function is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify genetic loci associated with kidney function.
  • To determine the cell types and regulatory elements involved in kidney function heritability.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 406,504 UK Biobank participants.
  • Integration of GWAS data with single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) in human kidneys.
  • Enhancer assays, allele-specific scATAC-seq, machine learning, and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) for functional validation.

Main Results:

  • Identified 430 loci associated with kidney function in middle-aged adults.
  • 56% of kidney function heritability localized to kidney tubule epithelial candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs), with an additional 7% in podocyte cCREs.
  • Demonstrated that many kidney function variants alter cCRE accessibility and function in kidney tubule epithelial cells, implicating genes like NDRG1, CCNB1, and STC1.

Conclusions:

  • Heritable differences in adult kidney function are primarily driven by altered gene expression in kidney tubule epithelial and podocyte cells.
  • Genetic variants identified through GWAS can functionally impact kidney function by modulating cCREs.
  • This research provides novel insights into the genetic architecture of kidney function and identifies potential therapeutic targets.