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Ocular biometric parameters in South-Indian children with myopia - A hospital-based retrospective descriptive
Sandra Ganesh1, Rebecca Claire Lusobya2,3, Mohammed Sithiq Uduman4
1Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Myopia Clinic, Aravind Eye Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Insights
The axial length/corneal radius ratio strongly predicts refractive error in myopic children. This ratio better explains refractive error variance than axial length alone.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Ophthalmology
- Biometry
Background:
- Myopia is a growing concern in pediatric populations.
- Understanding ocular biometric parameters is crucial for myopia management.
- South-Indian children represent a distinct ethnic group with potential unique biometric profiles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To profile ocular biometric parameters in South-Indian children diagnosed with myopia.
- To analyze the relationship between axial length, corneal radius, and refractive error.
- To determine the predictive value of the axial length/corneal radius ratio for refractive error.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 3728 myopic children (<15 years old) from Jan 2022-Oct 2023.
- Collected data included demographics, axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), spherical equivalent (SE), and corneal radius (CR).
- Statistical analysis focused on correlations and variance explained by AL and AL/CR ratio in SE.
Main Results:
- The axial length/corneal radius (AL/CR) ratio explained 71% of the total variance in spherical equivalent (SE).
- AL/CR ratio showed a stronger correlation with SE (rho = -0.83) than axial length (AL) alone (rho = -0.68).
- Female gender was associated with shorter AL, ACD, CR, and AL/CR ratios; ACD increased with age.
Conclusions:
- Axial length and AL/CR ratios are strong predictors of refractive error in myopic children.
- The AL/CR ratio offers a superior explanation for refractive error variance compared to AL alone.
- These findings highlight the importance of the AL/CR ratio in understanding and potentially managing pediatric myopia.
Aim:
This study aims to profile the ocular biometric parameters in a large group of children of South-Indian ethnicity who visited our outpatient children's department and were diagnosed with myopia.
Methods:
Children <15 years old diagnosed with myopia (Jan 2022-Oct 2023) and who had ocular biometry readings recorded were included. Their demographics, axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), spherical equivalent (SE), corneal radius of curvature (CR), and AL/CR ratio were analyzed.
Results:
The study included 3728 myopic children; the mean age was 11.85 (4-15) years, and 52.8% were girls. Mean SE was -3.98 D. The mean (SD) AL, ACD, CR, and AL/CR ratio were 24.64 (1.32), 3.73 (0.40), 7.61 (0.27), and 3.24 (0.16), respectively. Female gender was associated with shorter AL, ACD, CR, and AL/CR ratios ( P < 0.001) across all age groups. There was a significant increase in ACD with age in both sexes ( P < 0.001). A 1-unit (mm) increase in AL was associated with an SE increase of -1.65 D (CL: -1.70 to -1.60). AL/CR ratio could explain 71% of the total variance in SE ( P < 0.001). SE showed a mild correlation with age (rho = 0.14, P < 0.001) and ACD (rho = -0.03, P = 0.041) and a stronger correlation with AL (rho = -0.68, P < 0.001) and AL/CR (rho = -0.83, P < 0.001).
Conclusion:
In this hospital-based study, AL and AL/CR ratios strongly correlate with SE, and the AL/CR better explains the total variance in SE than AL alone in children with myopia.
