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Migratory herbivorous waterfowl track multiple resource waves during spring migration.

Fei Xu1,2, Wei Wu3,4, Jie Wei2

  • 1Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, People's Republic of China.

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East Asian waterfowl migration is timed by tracking both emerging vegetation and available agricultural seeds. This dual resource tracking helps birds optimize their seasonal journeys and find food.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Ornithology
  • Animal Migration

Background:

  • East Asian herbivorous waterfowl utilize farmland during spring migration.
  • Waterfowl may use both vegetation green-up and agricultural seed availability to time migration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if and how waterfowl use multiple food resources to time their spring migration.
  • To test the hypothesis that waterfowl track both vegetation and seed waves.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 167 spring migration tracks from five waterfowl species.
  • Application of mixed-effect resource selection function models.

Main Results:

  • All species arrived at stopover sites after agricultural seeds became available.
  • Waterfowl extended stays with vegetation emergence and arrived at breeding sites around this time.
  • Species used snowmelt cues for seed availability, with smaller species arriving later.

Conclusions:

  • Waterfowl track multiple resource waves (vegetation and seeds) to fine-tune migration timing.
  • Findings suggest new conservation opportunities by understanding resource availability during migration.