Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Regional Terms

Regional Terms

Regional terms describe anatomy by dividing the body parts into different regions that contain structures involved in contributing similar functions. Using these terms helps increase the accurate description and identification of the particular region of interest or region affected by the disease.
Primarily, the human body has two major regions, the axial and appendicular regions. The axial region comprises regions from the head to the abdomen and makes up the central body axis. In contrast,...

Pain

Pain

Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...

Analgesia and Pain Management

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...

Abdominal Regions and Quadrants

Abdominal Regions and Quadrants

To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient's abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians typically use imaginary lines to categorize the abdominopelvic cavity into either four quadrants or nine regions to identify organs in the cavity.
The simpler quadrants approach, which is more commonly used in medicine, subdivides the cavity with one horizontal and one vertical line that intersects at the patient's umbilicus (navel). The four...

Nociception

Nociception

Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Expert perspectives on the nociplastic pain descriptor: a systematic review of textual evidence protocol.

JBI evidence synthesis·2026

Same author

Cervical retrolaminar blocks: underutilized or ineffective in treating cervical radicular pain?

Regional anesthesia and pain medicine·2026

Same author

US Department of Defense neuromodulation guidelines in active-duty service members.

Regional anesthesia and pain medicine·2026

Same author

US Department of Defense consensus guidelines on neuromodulation for pain management in an active-duty military population from a tri-service, multispecialty working group.

Regional anesthesia and pain medicine·2026

Same author

Autonomic Receptor Autoantibodies in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and Other Chronic Pain Conditions: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Biomedicines·2026

Same author

Mechanism-informed pain care: rebalancing procedural care toward better patient selection and outcomes.

Regional anesthesia and pain medicine·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats

Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats

Published on: January 21, 2020

10. Complex regional pain syndrome.

Daniël P C van der Spek¹, Maaike Dirckx¹, Thomas J P Mangnus¹

¹Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Pain Practice : the Official Journal of World Institute of Pain

|September 11, 2024

Summary

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) treatment depends on the subtype. Invasive therapies like bisphosphonates, ketamine, sympathetic blocks, neurostimulation, and intrathecal baclofen offer options when conservative care fails.

Keywords:

complex regional pain syndrome evidence‐based medicine interventional treatment intrathecal treatment intravenous treatment neurostimulation sympathetic blockade

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) Surgery in Postamputation Pain Management

Author Spotlight: Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) Surgery in Postamputation Pain Management

Published on: March 15, 2024

Chronic Constriction of the Sciatic Nerve and Pain Hypersensitivity Testing in Rats

Chronic Constriction of the Sciatic Nerve and Pain Hypersensitivity Testing in Rats

Published on: March 13, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats

Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats

Published on: January 21, 2020

Author Spotlight: Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) Surgery in Postamputation Pain Management

Author Spotlight: Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) Surgery in Postamputation Pain Management

Published on: March 15, 2024

Chronic Constriction of the Sciatic Nerve and Pain Hypersensitivity Testing in Rats

Chronic Constriction of the Sciatic Nerve and Pain Hypersensitivity Testing in Rats

Published on: March 13, 2012

Area of Science:

Pain Medicine
Neurology
Anesthesiology

Background:

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating disorder following trauma or surgery.
CRPS presents with distinct subtypes: inflammatory, nociplastic/neuropathic, vasomotor, and motor.
Personalized treatment strategies are crucial for managing CRPS effectively.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in understanding CRPS.
To discuss common invasive treatment modalities for CRPS.
To provide an overview of subtype-specific interventions.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature review of interventional treatments for CRPS.
Summarization of findings on the efficacy of various invasive therapies.

Main Results:

Bisphosphonates are effective for the inflammatory subtype of CRPS.
Ketamine offers pain relief for the nociplastic/neuropathic subtype.
Sympathetic blocks target vasomotor disturbances; neurostimulation is a versatile option for refractory symptoms across all subtypes.
Intrathecal baclofen may benefit motor disturbances.

Conclusions:

CRPS is characterized by an unpredictable course and variable treatment response.
Invasive treatments should be considered sequentially when conservative measures are inadequate.
Tailoring invasive therapies to the specific CRPS subtype optimizes patient outcomes.