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A clinician's guide to effects of obesity on childhood asthma and into adulthood

Mahmoud Abu Zahra1, Jeffrey Pessin2, Deepa Rastogi1,3

  • 1Division of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine
|September 11, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Obesity significantly impacts respiratory health, contributing to asthma development and persistence from childhood into adulthood. Understanding obesity-related asthma mechanisms and interventions is crucial for effective management.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Obesity is a global chronic condition impacting multiple organ systems, notably the respiratory system.
  • Obesity-related asthma, particularly with childhood onset, leads to persistent morbidity into adulthood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the disease burden of obesity-related asthma in children and adults.
  • To explore the roles of mechanical, immune, and metabolic perturbations in obesity-related asthma.
  • To discuss interventions for ameliorating obesity-related asthma.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on obesity-related asthma in pediatric and adult populations.
  • Analysis of shared symptoms and pulmonary function deficits.
  • Examination of proposed pathomechanisms including mechanical load, immune, and metabolic factors.
  • Review of medical, dietary, and surgical interventions.

Main Results:

  • Obesity-related asthma presents overlapping symptoms and pulmonary deficits in both children and adults.
  • Mechanical fat load, immune, and metabolic perturbations are key contributors to disease burden.
  • Interventions like weight loss (diet, surgery), antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory therapies show potential for amelioration.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity-related asthma is a distinct entity from asthma in lean individuals, necessitating specific research.
  • Further investigation into underlying mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets is warranted.
  • Repurposing medications for obesity-mediated complications (e.g., insulin resistance, inflammation) is a promising strategy.
Abstract

Keywords:
Asthmaadultschildrendisease burdenobesitytherapies

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