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Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.

Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

Antibody Structure

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Published on: October 14, 2014

Anaphylaxis: Definition and criteria.

Marcus S Shaker^1,2

¹From the Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and.

Journal of Food Allergy

|September 11, 2024

Summary

Anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction, requires a unified global definition for better patient care. Current diagnostic criteria share similarities, aiding management across different medical fields.

Keywords:

Allergy Immunology Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters 2023 Anaphylaxis Practice Anaphylaxis Brighton Collaborative Criteria Classification Diagnosis Health-Economic Outcomes National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Severity Shared Decision-Making World Allergy Organization

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

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Published on: October 14, 2014

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

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Published on: May 31, 2021

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber

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Published on: March 3, 2023

Area of Science:

Allergy and Immunology
Clinical Medicine
Public Health

Background:

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening systemic allergic reaction.
Numerous definitions and diagnostic criteria exist, complicating management.
A consensus definition is needed for standardized care across specialties.

Purpose of the Study:

To address the need for a multinational consensus definition of anaphylaxis.
To simplify anaphylaxis management by harmonizing diagnostic criteria.
To provide a framework for individualized patient care based on severity factors.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of existing anaphylaxis definitions and diagnostic criteria (e.g., NIAID, WAO, Brighton Collaborative).
Review of factors influencing anaphylaxis severity, including triggers, patient characteristics, and treatments.
Examination of recent guidelines on anaphylaxis management, incorporating strong and conditional recommendations.

Main Results:

Anaphylaxis diagnostic criteria show more similarities than differences.
Severity of anaphylaxis varies due to triggers, patient factors, and treatments.
Recent guidelines emphasize individualized care through shared decision-making.

Conclusions:

A multinational consensus definition for anaphylaxis is crucial for simplifying management.
Understanding factors influencing severity and utilizing shared decision-making are key to personalized anaphylaxis care.
Emerging prevention and treatment strategies necessitate clear guidelines for effective patient management.