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Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
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Drug control governance involves the oversight and regulation of pharmaceuticals to ensure their safety and efficacy while preventing illegal drug use and trafficking. Regulatory bodies, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union's European Medicines Agency (EMA), play a central role in this process. These agencies evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs before they can be marketed. They fund clinical trials and assess the benefits and risks associated with...
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Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

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Drugs can be classified according to their chemical composition or their intended therapeutic application. For instance, anti-infective agents that possess the ability to eliminate pathogens or suppress their growth and reproduction can be grouped based on the organisms they target or their chemical structure. Furthermore, drugs can be divided into prescription, nonprescription, or controlled substances. Prescription medications, such as antibiotics, require oversight from a licensed healthcare...
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Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
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Unused medicine take-back programmes: a systematic review.

Leong Seng Wang1,2, Zoriah Aziz3,4, Ee Syuen Wang5

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice
|September 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Effective medicine take-back programmes require accessible collection points, clear ownership, and supportive legislation. These elements are crucial for successful pharmaceutical waste management and environmental protection.

Keywords:
Unused medicinescostdisposallegislationtake-back programme

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Public Health Policy
  • Pharmaceutical Management

Background:

  • Improper disposal of unused medicines poses environmental risks and incurs significant healthcare costs.
  • Medicine take-back programmes are vital for managing pharmaceutical waste, but their effectiveness varies globally.
  • This study systematically reviews international medicine take-back programmes to identify areas for improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review existing medicine take-back programmes across various countries.
  • To identify key factors contributing to the success or failure of these programmes.
  • To provide recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of medicine take-back initiatives.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases including Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
  • Searches covered the period from database inception up to June 2023.
  • The review synthesized findings from 27 studies detailing medicine take-back programmes in 15 countries.

Main Results:

  • Programmes varied in structure, from local, non-healthcare facility-based initiatives (e.g., USA) to national, healthcare facility-based models.
  • The cost of collected medicines ranged widely (US$7,416–US$1,118,020), with common categories including nervous system, cardiovascular, and alimentary tract medications.
  • Legislative frameworks for take-back programmes were present in the USA, most European countries, and Mexico, but absent in Spain, Austria, Australia, and New Zealand, though programmes were still managed by government or industry.

Conclusions:

  • Well-structured take-back programmes are characterized by accessible collection points and regular schedules.
  • Clear programme ownership and legislation defining financial responsibilities are critical for positive outcomes.
  • Enhancing programme accessibility, clarity of ownership, and legislative support can improve pharmaceutical waste management.