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Updated: Jun 25, 2026
Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Published on: August 24, 2019
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing prior to radical cystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Allen Ao Guo1,2, Kieran Zeng2, Ymer Bushati2
1Department of Urology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Objective:
To identify the association between cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and outcomes of radical cystectomy (RC), as RC is historically associated with high rates of short- and long-term morbidity and mortality.
Methods:
This quantitative systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. An electronic literature search was conducted to identify all relevant studies evaluating the relationship between CPET parameters and RC outcomes. The primary outcome was short-term mortality. Secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay (LOS) and rate of serious adverse events as defined by the Clavien-Dindo classification.
Results:
The search identified six studies for inclusion. A total of 546 patients underwent CPET prior to RC. There were significantly more deaths following RC observed in patients with poorer cardiopulmonary function (risk ratio RR 5.80, 95% confidence interval 4.96-6.78). There was no significant association between CPET parameters and adverse events or hospital LOS.
Conclusions:
The present systematic review and meta-analysis identified a greater risk of 90-day mortality in patients with poorer cardiorespiratory function, as measured by CPET. However, there remains a paucity of robust clinical data and further high-quality studies are required to verify these results.
