Big1 is a newly identified autophagy regulator that is critical for a fully functional V-ATPase

The vacuolar-type H⁺-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase) is the major proton pump for intraorganellar acidification. Therefore, the integrity of the V-ATPase is closely associated with cellular homeostasis, and mutations in genes encoding V-ATPase components and assembly factors have been reported in certain types of diseases. For instance, the recurrent mutations of ATP6AP1, a gene encoding a V-ATPase accessory protein, have been associated with cancers and immunodeficiency. With the aim of studying V-ATPase-related mutations using the yeast model system, we report that Big1 is another homologue of ATP6AP1 in yeast cells, and we characterize the role of Big1 in maintaining a fully functional V-ATPase. In addition to its role in acidifying the vacuole or lysosome, our data support the concept that the V-ATPase may function as part of a signaling pathway to regulate macroautophagy/autophagy through a mechanism that is independent from Tor/MTOR.