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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data01:23

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data

284
A thorough health history and physical assessment are essential for identifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) symptoms and distinguishing them from other health issues.
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...
284
Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

536
Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
There are specific risk factors that can elevate the likelihood of developing bradycardia. Advanced age is a significant factor, with...
536
Alterations in Blood Pressure01:30

Alterations in Blood Pressure

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Alterations in blood pressure, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypotension (low blood pressure), significantly affect human health. Understanding these conditions' classifications, causes, and symptoms is essential for effective management and treatment.
Hypertension (High blood pressure)
Hypertension occurs when blood pressure readings consistently exceed the normal range. It is diagnosed when systolic blood pressure (the top number, indicating pressure while the heart...
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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Measurement of Blood Pressure01:17

Measurement of Blood Pressure

896
Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a...
896
Assessing Blood pressure in the Leg01:11

Assessing Blood pressure in the Leg

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Proper measurement of leg blood pressure is a critical skill for healthcare providers, ensuring precise and reliable readings. When performed correctly, this procedure informs patient care and enhances the efficacy of interventions. The following text outlines step-by-step guidelines to measure blood pressure in the leg, providing clarity and ease of understanding for practitioners.
Preparation:
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Outcomes of Lung Transplantation for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Across Multiple Eras: A 25-Year Experience from a US Center.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
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Syncope in an Otherwise Healthy 74-Year-Old Woman.

Zein Kattih1, Mateus Fernandes1, Miguel A Alvarez Villela2

  • 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY.

Chest
|September 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A 74-year-old woman experienced syncope and shortness of breath, presenting a rare case of sarcoidosis. This case highlights the importance of considering sarcoidosis in patients with unexplained symptoms and a history of lymphadenopathy.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that can affect multiple organs, including the lungs.

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  • Hypertension and peripheral artery disease are common comorbidities in older adults.
  • Syncope and shortness of breath are significant symptoms requiring thorough investigation.