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Changes in hormonal profiles during competition preparation in physique athletes
Ville Isola1, Juha J Hulmi2, Theo Mbay2,3
1Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland. ville.isola@gmail.com.
European Journal of Applied Physiology
|September 11, 2024
Summary
Physique athletes experience hormonal shifts and decreased muscle strength during intense contest preparation. These changes, including reduced Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), normalize with adequate energy availability post-competition.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Sports Science
- Human Physiology
Background:
- Physique athletes undergo extreme energy restriction and training for competitions.
- Understanding the hormonal and physiological adaptations during this phase is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate hormonal changes and their impact on physiology and performance in physique athletes during competition preparation.
- To identify potential biomarkers for physiological stress.
Main Methods:
- Studied competing (COMP) and control (CTRL) male and female physique athletes.
- Measured body composition, muscle mass, strength, and serum hormone levels (IGF-1, testosterone, cortisol, etc.) at multiple time points.
- Calculated energy availability (EA) based on energy intake and expenditure.
Main Results:
- COMP athletes showed decreased energy availability (EA), IGF-1, IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), and muscle strength.
- Males experienced decreased testosterone and increased cortisol and SHBG.
- Mood disturbances, including fatigue, were reported, with all changes reversing post-competition.
Conclusions:
- Reduced IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels can indicate physiological stress during contest preparation.
- This research provides insights into hormonal, strength, and mood alterations in athletes undergoing energy-restricted training.
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