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A Scoping Review of Audiovisual Distraction Techniques Among Children in Reducing Invasive Procedure Pain
Gusgus Ghraha Ramdhanie1, Altia Nurrohmah2, Adelse Prima Mulya3
1Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia.
Insights
Audiovisual distraction techniques like virtual reality, video music, and animated cartoons effectively reduce pain in children during invasive procedures. These methods offer a valuable strategy for pediatric pain management.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pain Management
- Medical Interventions
- Child Psychology
Background:
- Invasive procedures in children often cause pain and distress, necessitating effective pain management strategies.
- Audiovisual distractions are recognized as a non-pharmacological approach to mitigate procedural pain in pediatric patients.
- Creating a comfortable environment during invasive procedures is crucial for child well-being.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically identify and categorize audiovisual distraction techniques used for pain reduction in children undergoing invasive procedures.
- To synthesize evidence on the efficacy of various audiovisual interventions in pediatric pain management.
Main Methods:
- A systematic scoping review of literature published between 2012 and 2022 in English and Indonesian.
- Searches were conducted across databases including PubMed, EBSCO, Science Direct, and Scopus, supplemented by Google Scholar for grey literature.
- Inclusion criteria focused on full-text, open-access articles concerning children and audiovisual pain distraction, excluding review studies and adult populations.
Main Results:
- Fifteen articles were included, detailing the use of audiovisual distraction techniques for pediatric procedural pain.
- The primary interventions identified were virtual reality (VR), video music, and animated cartoons.
- These techniques were applied across various invasive procedures, including infusions, surgeries, injections, blood draws, dressing changes, circumcisions, endoscopies, and phlebotomies.
Conclusions:
- Virtual reality, video music, and animated cartoons demonstrate significant clinical potential in distracting children from pain during invasive procedures.
- Audiovisual interventions represent a promising strategy for integration into pediatric nursing pain management protocols.
- These findings support the use of technology-assisted distractions to improve the patient experience in pediatric healthcare settings.
Background:
Invasive procedures in children can lead to painful and uncooperative procedures. It is essential to determine the appropriate method to create a comfortable environment for children during invasive procedures. However, audiovisuals are one of the distraction techniques used in pain management.
Purpose:
This study aims to identify and categorize related audiovisual distraction techniques in reducing pain due to invasive procedures among children.
Methods:
This study uses a systematic scoping review. A literature review was conducted using PubMed, EBSCO, Science Direct, Scopus and grey literature through Google Scholar. The study was eligible for inclusion if it included articles published from 2012 to 2022, full-text and open accessed articles, and in Indonesian and English language. Studies were excluded if they were review studies and the adult population. The keywords in English were "Children" OR 'Child' OR "Kids" OR 'Youth' OR 'Adolescents' OR 'Teenager' OR 'Teens' OR 'Young People' OR 'Pediatric' OR 'Paediatric' OR 'Childhood' AND "Audiovisual" OR 'Movie' OR 'Video' OR 'Animation' AND "Pain" AND "Invasive procedures" and keyword in Indonesia were "Anak" OR 'Remaja' OR 'Bayi' OR 'Balita' AND "Audiovisual" OR 'Film' OR "Video" OR 'Animasi' OR "Nyeri" AND 'Prosedur invasif'.
Results:
We found 15 articles showing audiovisual distraction techniques in managing pain among children undergoing invasive procedures. Three types of audiovisual interventions were used, including virtual reality (VR), video music, and animated cartoons. In addition, types of invasive procedures that benefited from the analyzed interventions were infusion, surgery, injection, blood draw, dressing change, circumcision, endoscopy, and phlebotomy.
Conclusion:
Our findings highlight that virtual reality, video music, and animated cartoons have clinical implications in helping to distract from pain in children undergoing invasive procedures. Our study indicates that the potential of audiovisual intervention can be used as an intervention strategy in the pediatric nursing area.
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