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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

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Modeling impulsivity and risk aversion in the subthalamic nucleus with deep brain stimulation.

Valerie Voon1,2,3, Luis Manssuer3, Yi-Jie Zhao4

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Nature. Mental Health
|September 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus reduced risk-taking behavior and increased neural activity. This research clarifies impulsivity mechanisms and has implications for treating neuropsychiatric disorders.

Keywords:
Cognitive neuroscienceNeurological disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Decision Science
  • Computational Psychiatry

Background:

  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a therapeutic intervention for Parkinson's disease and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
  • STN stimulation can influence impulsivity and mood, with paradoxical effects on risk-taking and conflict-induced impulsivity.
  • Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying STN stimulation's effects on risk evaluation is crucial for optimizing therapeutic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how acute subthalamic nucleus stimulation affects objective risk, uncertainty, and subjective physiological markers of risk during decision-making.
  • To dissociate the effects of STN stimulation on different facets of impulsivity and risk-taking behavior.
  • To explore the relationship between subthalamic nucleus physiology, evidence accumulation, and conflict processing under stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a card gambling task in conjunction with intracranial recordings from 25 participants.
  • Employed within-subject, case-controlled acute stimulation of the right subthalamic nucleus in 15 participants.
  • Analyzed objective risk, uncertainty, and subjective physiological markers, alongside subthalamic theta activity.

Main Results:

  • Acute subthalamic nucleus stimulation significantly decreased risk-taking behavior (P=0.010, Cohen's d=0.72).
  • Subthalamic theta activity increased significantly during stimulation (P<0.001, Cohen's d=0.72).
  • Stimulation altered the relationship between subthalamic physiology and evidence accumulation, linking conflict and risk mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Subthalamic nucleus stimulation modulates risk-taking and associated neural activity, offering insights into impulsivity heterogeneity.
  • Findings suggest that stimulation-induced risk seeking involves the ventral subthalamic nucleus and its connectivity with the mesial prefrontal cortex.
  • This research holds significant implications for understanding impulsivity and developing treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders.