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Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in neonates associated with pneumothorax: Case report

Amal Naous1,2, Walaa Ghannoum1, Aya Abbas2

  • 1Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.

Radiology Case Reports
|September 12, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Neonates (MIS-N) can cause severe respiratory issues like pneumothorax. Early recognition of these complications in newborns with MIS-N is crucial for timely intervention and improved outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndromes.
  • Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-P) and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Neonates (MIS-N) are recognized complications.
  • MIS-N presents with hyper-inflammatory symptoms, including fever and conjunctivitis, in newborns.

Observation:

  • A case report details a newborn female infant diagnosed with MIS-N.
  • The infant presented with respiratory distress on the third day of life.
  • She subsequently developed bilateral pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum, necessitating mechanical ventilation.

Findings:

  • Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum are identified as potential, severe respiratory presentations of MIS-N.
  • The case highlights the need for vigilance regarding these specific complications in affected neonates.
  • Immunoglobulin G (IgG) positivity was noted in the context of MIS-N.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis and management of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum are critical in neonates with MIS-N.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering severe respiratory complications in the differential diagnosis of MIS-N.
  • Enhanced awareness among healthcare providers can improve patient outcomes for MIS-N affected newborns.

Keywords:
Kawasaki-like disease, NeonateMultisystem inflammatory syndrome of childrenMultisystem inflammatory syndrome of neonatesPneumothoraxThe coronavirus disease 2019

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