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Extraction: Advanced Methods

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...

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Microbial Mineralization with Lysinibacillus sphaericus for Selective Lithium Nanoparticle Extraction.

Toriana N Vigil¹, Grayson C Johnson¹, Sarah G Jacob¹

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States.

Environmental Science & Technology

|September 12, 2024

Summary

Microbial biomineralization using Lysinibacillus sphaericus efficiently recovers lithium hydroxide from lithium chloride. This eco-friendly method shows specificity for lithium and identifies the S-layer protein as crucial for nanoparticle formation.

Keywords:

biomineralization critical minerals mineral extraction nanoparticles

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Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Materials Science
Environmental Science

Background:

Growing demand for lithium in green technologies necessitates sustainable extraction methods.
Current lithium mining is ecologically damaging due to high water and energy consumption.
Microbial biomineralization offers a promising eco-friendly alternative for mineral extraction.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate microbial biomineralization of lithium chloride to lithium hydroxide using Lysinibacillus sphaericus.
To quantify lithium recovery and assess selectivity over sodium.
To characterize the biomineralized product and identify key microbial components involved.

Main Methods:

Culturing Lysinibacillus sphaericus with lithium chloride.
Quantitative analysis using a fluorescence assay (2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-benzoxazole).
Characterization of nanoparticles via Fourier transform infrared and transmission electron microscopy, and protein identification using ESI-LC/MS.

Main Results:

Lysinibacillus sphaericus significantly enhanced lithium recovery compared to abiotic conditions.
Biomineralization demonstrated specificity for lithium over sodium.
Crystalline lithium hydroxide nanoparticles were produced, with the S-layer protein identified as critical for the process.

Conclusions:

Lysinibacillus sphaericus facilitates the eco-friendly biomineralization of lithium hydroxide nanoparticles.
The S-layer protein of L. sphaericus plays a key role in this microbial process.
This study highlights potential for developing innovative, environmentally sound lithium extraction techniques.