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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade
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Risk factors for red blood cell alloimmunization in patients with hematologic malignancy.

Pakthipa Pattarakosol1,2,3, Nattarat Lorucharoen1, Phandee Watanaboonyongcharoen1,2

  • 1Transfusion Medicine Unit, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.

Transfusion Medicine (Oxford, England)
|September 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization affects 4.8% of hematologic malignancy patients. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and autoantibodies are key risk factors, impacting transfusion management.

Keywords:
alloimmunizationhematologic malignancyrisk factortransfusion

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Patients with hematologic malignancies face increased risk of red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization, complicating transfusions.
  • Limited data exists on risk factors for RBC alloimmunization in this vulnerable patient group.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of RBC alloimmunization among patients with hematologic malignancies.
  • To identify predictors and risk factors associated with RBC alloimmunization in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of electronic medical records for patients with AML, ALL, MM, and lymphoma (2018-2022).
  • Analysis of clinical, demographic, and transfusion history data.
  • Statistical analysis to identify independent risk factors for alloimmunization.

Main Results:

  • The overall prevalence of RBC alloimmunization was 4.8% (38/798 patients).
  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subgroup showed a higher alloimmunization rate (9.1%) compared to ALL (2.9%), MM (3.8%), and lymphoma (2.5%).
  • Detection of autoantibodies (aOR 13.41) and AML diagnosis (aOR 11.44) were independently associated with RBC alloimmunization.

Conclusions:

  • RBC alloimmunization prevalence in hematologic malignancy patients is 4.8%.
  • AML diagnosis and the presence of autoantibodies are significant risk factors for RBC alloimmunization.
  • Findings highlight the need for targeted transfusion strategies in high-risk hematologic malignancy patients.