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Identifying Psychosocial and Ecological Determinants of Enthusiasm In Youth: Integrative Cross-Sectional Analysis

Roberta M Dolling-Boreham1,2, Akshay Mohan2,3, Mohamed Abdelhack2

  • 1Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
|September 12, 2024
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Summary

Good physical health, strong parent communication, and school belonging are key to youth enthusiasm for the future. These factors are crucial for improving overall adolescent well-being and future success.

Keywords:
Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS)Shapley additive explanations (SHAP)determinantsecologicalenthusiasmextreme gradient boosting (XGBoost)machine learningmental healthpsychosocialpublic healthself-reportedstudentsubjective well-beingwell-beingyouth

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Area of Science:

  • Adolescent Health
  • Youth Well-being
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Youth mental well-being is a public health priority.
  • Enthusiasm for the future indicates well-being and predicts success.
  • Previous research often analyzes factors in isolation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify factors associated with youth enthusiasm for the future.
  • Utilize machine learning for comprehensive analysis.
  • Inform public policy and programming for adolescent well-being.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed data from 13,661 students (grades 7-12) from the 2019 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS).
  • Employed extreme gradient boosting (a machine learning algorithm) to identify key predictors.
  • Used Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) to rank feature importance and explore interactions.

Main Results:

  • Top predictors of enthusiasm included self-rated physical health, ability to discuss problems with parents, and school belonging.
  • Subjective social status at school was also significant, showing nonlinear effects.
  • Machine learning identified these factors as strongly associated with future outlook.

Conclusions:

  • Perceived physical health, school connectedness, and parent relationships are vital for youth enthusiasm.
  • Focusing on physical health perceptions and school belonging can enhance adolescent well-being.
  • Machine learning effectively identified key drivers of future outlook in young students.