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Generating novel tennis racket shape concepts using a theoretical morphospace.

Robyn A Grant1, Vincent Bonhomme2,3, Tom Allen1

  • 1Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.

Plos One
|September 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Statistical shape analysis, or morphometrics, helps summarize sample populations. This study uses theoretical morphometrics on tennis rackets to inspire novel sporting goods designs by exploring new shape possibilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Biomechanics
  • Product design

Background:

  • Statistical shape analysis (morphometrics) is widely used in evolutionary biology.
  • Theoretical morphometrics extends existing sample populations into new design spaces.
  • Novel sporting goods design can benefit from systematic shape exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate morphometrics as a tool for inspiring novel sporting goods designs.
  • To apply theoretical morphometrics to systematically generate new tennis racket designs.
  • To explore the potential of morphometrics in the product development ideation phase.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed 514 historical tennis racket silhouette images using the R Package Momocs.
  • Reconstructed racket outlines using elliptical Fourier transform curve fitting.
  • Utilized principal component analysis to define a morphospace and generated theoretical shapes.

Main Results:

  • The first two principal components captured over 90% of the shape variance in tennis rackets.
  • A theoretical morphospace was created, extending beyond the observed data.
  • Novel candidate shapes, including wide-angled throats and angled heads, were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Morphometrics can systematically identify novel product design candidates.
  • Theoretical morphospace exploration can inspire innovative sporting goods.
  • This technique aids sporting goods brands in the ideation phase of product development.