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ChatGPT Use Among Pediatric Health Care Providers: Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

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Pediatric providers are already using large language models (LLMs) for clinical and nonclinical tasks, with strong interest in a HIPAA-compliant version for patient care. This highlights the need for clear guidelines on LLM adoption in healthcare settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Informatics
  • Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
  • Pediatric Medicine

Background:

  • The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT has spurred interest in their healthcare applications.
  • Healthcare institutions are developing policies for LLM use, but provider perspectives, especially in pediatrics, remain largely unstudied.
  • Existing research lacks data on how pediatric providers are adopting and utilizing these accessible AI tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the current utilization of LLMs among pediatric providers.
  • To assess pediatric providers' interest in employing a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant version of ChatGPT.
  • To understand the perceived barriers and potential future applications of LLMs in pediatric healthcare.

Main Methods:

  • A survey was designed by informaticians and distributed to pediatric providers at Boston Children's Hospital via REDCap.
  • The survey included structured and unstructured questions to gather comprehensive data on LLM usage and attitudes.
  • Participation was voluntary, uncompensated, and anonymous, ensuring candid responses from 390 providers.

Main Results:

  • Nearly 50% of surveyed pediatric providers reported using LLMs, with 27% applying them to clinical work and 75% to nonclinical tasks.
  • Only 29% believed current LLMs are suitable for direct patient care, but 73.8% expressed willingness to use a HIPAA-compliant version.
  • Detailed insights into current clinical and nonclinical LLM applications and proposed future uses were collected.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric providers are actively integrating LLMs into their professional activities, despite existing concerns and implementation barriers.
  • A significant demand exists for secure, HIPAA-compliant LLM tools tailored for healthcare settings.
  • This study provides crucial data for policymakers to inform guidelines on the clinical use of LLMs in pediatrics.