Proangiogenic potential of plasma exosomes from prostate cancer patients

Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in the progression and metastasis of solid cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). While small extracellular vesicles derived from PCa cell lines induce a proangiogenic phenotype in vascular endothelial cells, the contribution of plasma exosomes from patients with PCa to this process remains unclear. Here, we successfully extracted and characterized plasma exosomes. Notably, a ring of PKH67-labeled exosomes was observed around the HUVEC nucleus using fluorescence microscopy, indicating the uptake of exosomes by HUVEC. At the cellular level, PCa plasma exosomes enhanced angiogenesis, proliferation, invasion, and migration of HUVEC cells. Moreover, PCa plasma exosomes promoted angiogenesis and aortic sprouting. MicroRNAs are the most common genetic material in exosomes, and to identify miRNAs associated with the angiogenic response, we performed small RNA sequencing followed by RT-qPCR and bioinformatics analysis. These analyses revealed distinct miRNA profiles in plasma exosomes from patients with PCa compared to healthy individuals. Notably, hsa-miR-184 emerged as a potential regulator implicated in the proangiogenic effects of PCa plasma exosomes.