Current progress in CRISPR-Cas systems for cancer

Cancer has been a primary contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. With an increasing trend of incidence and prevalence of cancer, progress has also been made in its treatment, starting from radiation and chemotherapy to immunotherapy and gene therapy. CRISPR-Cas technique, a promising gene editing tool, has been employed in cancer research for novel treatment regimens, identification of therapeutic targets, and unraveling the genetic mechanisms behind oncogenesis. CRISPR-based genome editing helped in identifying the roles of specific genetic factors linked to treatment resistance, metastasis, and cancer development. CRISPR allows the discovery of genes and treatment options through specifically interrupting tumor activators or activating tumor suppressor genes in cancer cells. Advancements in CRISPR technology, especially the use of immune cells like chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, has the potential to revolutionize personalized cancer treatment by precisely targeting and killing cancer cells. Furthermore, reactivating tumor suppressor genes makes cancer cells more susceptible to chemotherapy or immunotherapy. CRISPR-mediated genome editing can, hence, help to overcome resistance to traditional cancer treatments. The current manuscript covers that how is the CRISPR technology propelling revolutionary development in the field of cancer research, providing advance perspectives on the molecular causes of the disease and creating new lines for the development of more precise and potent cancer therapies.