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Maternal dietary patterns and offspring behavioral problems.

Esther Cendra-Duarte1,2, Josefa Canals1,3,4, Nerea Becerra-Tomás1,3

  • 1Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Reus, Spain.

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Maternal diet during pregnancy impacts child behavior. A diet high in sugar was linked to more problems, while fish and vegetables were linked to fewer, especially in girls.

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal nutrition research
  • Child psychology and development
  • Maternal health and child outcomes

Background:

  • Early childhood mental health is crucial for long-term outcomes.
  • Prenatal factors, including maternal nutrition, significantly influence fetal neurodevelopment.
  • Understanding the link between maternal diet and child behavior is essential for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and emotional-behavioral problems in 4-year-old children.
  • To identify specific maternal dietary habits that may influence child neurodevelopment.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for prenatal nutrition to support positive child behavioral outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study involving 205 mother-child pairs.
  • Identification of three maternal dietary patterns: 'Sweet and Superfluous', 'Fish and Vegetables', and 'Meat and Cereals'.
  • Child behavior assessment using validated tools: Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 1.5-5), Teacher's Report Form (TRF 1.5-5), and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Preschool Version (BRIEF-P).
  • Multivariable analysis to determine the statistical associations between maternal diet and child behavior.

Main Results:

  • Maternal 'Sweet and Superfluous' dietary pattern associated with increased externalizing and depressive problems in children.
  • The 'Meat and Cereals' pattern linked to higher risks of attention, hyperactivity, and somatic depressive complaints.
  • The 'Fish and Vegetables' pattern associated with a reduced risk of hyperactivity problems.
  • Observed associations were more pronounced in girls than in boys.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal diet during pregnancy is significantly associated with children's emotional and behavioral development at age 4.
  • Prenatal consumption of sugar and processed foods may increase the risk of behavioral issues, particularly in girls.
  • A diet rich in fish and vegetables during pregnancy is linked to better behavioral outcomes, including reduced hyperactivity and anxiety, especially in girls.
  • These findings underscore the critical role of prenatal nutrition in optimizing child neurodevelopment and mental health.