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  11. On The Function And Origin Of The Avian Renal Portal Shunt And Its Potential Significance Throughout Evolution

On the function and origin of the avian renal portal shunt and its potential significance throughout evolution

Kobe Buyse1, Koen Stein2, Ward De Spiegelaere3

  • 1Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium.

Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
|September 13, 2024

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Birds have a unique renal portal system with valves. These valves may regulate blood flow, protecting kidneys and aiding sustained high performance in birds.

Area of Science:

  • Comparative anatomy
  • Physiology
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Birds possess a unique renal portal system, a venous structure surrounding the kidneys.
  • This system is known to cause a first-pass effect for parenteral medications administered via leg veins.
  • Bilateral valves in these veins are hypothesized to regulate renal blood flow and protect against hypertension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the hypothesized role of renal portal valves in regulating kidney blood flow.
  • To investigate the potential impact of the renal portal system and valves on general hemodynamics in birds.
  • To examine anatomical similarities with non-avian reptiles to understand the evolutionary function of this system.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative anatomical analysis between birds and extant non-avian reptiles.
Keywords:
aviancomparative anatomyevolutionfunction

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  • Hypothetical modeling of blood flow dynamics within the renal portal system.
  • Review of existing literature on avian and reptilian renal and hepatic portal systems.

    • Main Results:

    • The renal portal system's resistance may limit splanchnic blood flow crucial for sustained high-energy activities in birds.
    • The renal portal valve is proposed as a regulatory mechanism to divert blood flow, supporting peak performance.
    • This system may represent an early amniote adaptation, enhanced in birds for hemodynamic homeostasis.

    Conclusions:

    • The renal portal valve's function likely extends beyond renal protection to influence overall hemodynamics.
    • This system may be a key adaptation enabling the high metabolic rates and sustained performance characteristic of birds.
    • Understanding this system offers insights into avian physiology, evolution, and veterinary medicine.
    renal portal system