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Latent Iron Deficiency in Neonates With and Without Risk Factors for Poor In-Utero Iron Status.

Puneeth Amaresh Babu¹, Ajoy Kumar Garg¹, Saroj Kumar Patnaik¹

¹Department of Pediatrics, Command Hospital Air Force, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Indian Pediatrics

|September 13, 2024

Summary

Latent iron deficiency (LID) affects nearly 10% of neonates born after 34 weeks gestation. At-risk infants show double the incidence of LID, underscoring the need for early detection and intervention.

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Area of Science:

Neonatal Medicine
Pediatric Hematology
Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

Iron deficiency in neonates can have long-term developmental consequences.
Identifying neonates at risk for in-utero iron deficiency is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the prevalence of latent iron deficiency (LID) in neonates born after 34 weeks gestation.
To compare LID rates in neonates with and without risk factors for in-utero iron deficiency.

Main Methods:

Observational study of 559 neonates born after 34 weeks gestation.
Collected maternal antenatal history and risk factors for placental insufficiency.
Assessed neonatal iron status using serum ferritin levels (cord or venous blood < 72 hours).

Main Results:

Overall LID prevalence was 9.8% (45/559 neonates).
Neonates with risk factors had a significantly higher incidence of LID (10.5% vs. 5.3%, OR 2.09).
Maternal anemia and gestational hypertension were identified as independent risk factors for LID.

Conclusions:

Latent iron deficiency is prevalent in neonates born after 34 weeks gestation, particularly those with risk factors.
The findings emphasize the importance of targeted screening and interventions for at-risk neonates.
Early identification and management of LID can help prevent potential long-term health issues.