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Common Risk Factors for CD4 Cell Count and Hemoglobin Level among Female Adult HIV-Positive Patients: A Retrospective
1Department of Statistics Mekdela Amba University, Tulu Awulia, Ethiopia.
Insights
This study identified key factors influencing CD4 cell count and hemoglobin levels in HIV-positive women on ART. Factors like education, marital status, and substance use impact these vital HIV progression markers.
Area of Science:
- Medical Research
- Public Health
- Immunology
Background:
- HIV remains a critical global health challenge.
- CD4 cell count and hemoglobin levels are key biomarkers for HIV progression and survival.
- Understanding risk factors is crucial for managing HIV in adult women.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify common risk factors associated with CD4 cell count and hemoglobin levels.
- To analyze these factors in adult female HIV-positive patients on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART).
- To inform targeted interventions at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.
Main Methods:
- Utilized secondary data from September 2015 to March 2022.
- Employed data exploration techniques including histogram plots, box plots, and Q-Q plots.
- Applied a Bayesian joint model for longitudinal data analysis.
Main Results:
- Visit time, weight, education, marital status, and disclosure were linked to higher CD4 and hemoglobin levels.
- Hematocrit, RBC, lymphocyte count, separated/widowed status, and substance use were associated with lower levels.
- Identified specific risk factors affecting CD4 cell count and hemoglobin levels.
Conclusions:
- Certain factors like education and marital status positively correlate with improved health markers.
- Other factors such as substance use and specific marital statuses are associated with poorer outcomes.
- Recommended targeted interventions and continuous monitoring for adult female HIV patients to improve health quality.
Background:
HIV is one of the most significant worldwide health concerns of the twenty-first century and a serious threat to human society. Hemoglobin level and CD4 cell count are two of the most important biomarkers of HIV progression and patient survival. The objective of this study was to identify common risk factors associated with CD4 cell count and hemoglobin level among adult female HIV-positive patients treated with ART at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.
Methods:
The source of data in this study was secondary data conducted in the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from September 2015 to March 2022 . Data exploration in this study was normal histogram plot, box plot, and Q-Q plot considered to gain some visions of the data related to CD4 cell count and hemoglobin level. A Bayesian joint model was used in this longitudinal data set to get a wide range of information about adult female HIV-patients.
Results:
The mean with a standard deviation of hematocrit (%), red blood cell (106/μl), lymphocyte (%), and weight (kg) of female patients were 37.2 (3.8), 4.0 (1.6), 43.6 (11.8), and 44.9 (9.4), respectively. In this study, the random intercept model for CD4 cell count and the random intercept and slope model for hemoglobin level were considered as the best selected model. Visit time, hematocrit, weight, RBC, lymphocyte count, educational status, marital status, disclosure, and substance use were common risk factors for CD4 cell count and hemoglobin level.
Conclusion:
This study concluded that, the risk factors visit time, weight, secondary educators, tertiary educators, married patients, patients who disclosed their HIV status to family members were associated with high CD4 cell count and hemoglobin level. While, hematocrit, RBC, lymphocyte count, separated marital status, widowed marital status, and substance-addicted patients were associated with low CD4 cell count and hemoglobin level. The author recommended that FMOH or other health professionals, program planners, decision makers, project implementers, government, and nongovernmental organizations should be given special attention for adult female patinets to minimize the risk of HIV progression and improve their health status. The author also recommended that health staff should conduct health-related studies for patients to examine continuous checkups. Health professionals also should give more attention to types of ART medication to reduce the progression of disease when the patients come back again into the hospital. Finally, adult female HIV-positive patients should be given special attention based on these important factors to improve their CD4 cell count, hemoglobin level, and better health quality.
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