Impact of Robotic Surgery Objective Performance Indicators: A Systematic Review

William D Gerull1, Sue Kulason2, Mallory C Shields2

  • 1From the Department of Surgery, Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (Gerull, Awad).

Summary

Objective performance indicators (OPIs) offer automated feedback for surgical skill assessment and outcome prediction. Further research is needed to validate their use in robotic surgery and surgical education.