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Engineering Moderately Lithiophilic Paper-Based Current Collectors with Variable Solid Electrolyte Interface Films

Baohong Yang1,2, Hairu Wei1, Huan Wang1

  • 1College of Bioresources Chemical & Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.

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Anode-free lithium batteries benefit from paper-based current collectors. Moderately lithiophilic collectors like LDP@Cu-Ag improve lithium deposition and stability, crucial for high-energy density batteries.

Keywords:
Li deposition and strippingSEIanode-free batterylithiophilicpaper-based current collectors

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Anode-free lithium metal batteries (ALMBs) offer high energy density and simplified manufacturing by using bare current collectors instead of lithium metal anodes.
  • The current collector's properties critically influence lithium deposition/stripping and lithium depletion rates, impacting battery performance and longevity.
  • Developing efficient and stable current collectors is key to realizing the full potential of ALMBs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of current collector lithiophilicity on solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation and cycling performance in ALMBs.
  • To explore the use of lightweight, paper-based current collectors modified with copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) for ALMB applications.
  • To correlate current collector properties with lithium distribution and depletion rates in different electrolytes.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of paper-based current collectors (LDP@Cu, LDP@Cu-Ag, LDP@Ag) via electroless plating with controlled loadings of Cu and Ag.
  • Tuning the lipophilicity of current collectors by varying the silver content.
  • Investigating the impact of these collectors on SEI composition and lithium depletion rates using electrochemical cycling in common electrolytes.

Main Results:

  • Paper-based current collectors (LDP@Cu, LDP@Cu-Ag, LDP@Ag) with areal densities of ~0.33 mg cm-2 were successfully prepared.
  • Increased lipophilicity (higher Ag loading) enhanced lithium deposition but accelerated lithium depletion from the cathode.
  • Moderately lithiophilic collectors (LDP@Cu-Ag) demonstrated balanced lithium deposition/stripping and stable SEI formation with reduced lithium depletion.

Conclusions:

  • Current collector lithiophilicity is a critical parameter for optimizing ALMB performance.
  • Paper-based current collectors offer a lightweight and potentially scalable solution for ALMBs.
  • Optimized lithiophilic current collectors, like LDP@Cu-Ag, are essential for achieving stable cycling and high energy density in anode-free lithium metal batteries.