[Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-positive individuals]

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Infectious Diseases
• Pathology

Background:

• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, opportunistic infection affecting individuals with compromised immune systems, particularly those with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
• Understanding the historical and modern perspectives on PML etiology and pathogenesis is crucial for managing this devastating neurological condition in HIV-positive patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of the etiology and pathogenesis of PML in the context of HIV infection.
• To analyze and synthesize existing literature on the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and pathomorphological features of PML in HIV-positive individuals.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of data on PML in HIV-infected patients.
• Analysis of clinical, laboratory, instrumental (including neuroimaging), and pathomorphological findings.

Main Results:

• The article details the historical evolution of understanding PML and current concepts regarding its causes and disease mechanisms.
• It provides an in-depth discussion of the clinical manifestations and diagnostic capabilities and limitations of various methods, emphasizing neuroimaging.
• Pathomorphological characteristics specific to PML in HIV-positive individuals are also covered.

Conclusions:

• A thorough understanding of PML's multifaceted aspects in HIV infection is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective management.
• The review highlights the importance of integrating clinical, radiological, and pathological data for optimal patient care.