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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Gene Therapy00:59

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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Skin Tattooing As A Novel Approach For DNA Vaccine Delivery
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Nucleic Acid Therapy for the Skin.

Andreas C Chai1, Daniel J Siegwart2, Richard C Wang3

  • 1Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Harmon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.

The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
|September 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Nucleic acid therapies offer potential for inherited skin diseases. This review covers gene editing, delivery methods, and suitable conditions, paving the way for revolutionary skin disease treatments.

Keywords:
Drug developmentGene therapyGenetic diseasesGeneticsGenodermatoses

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Sequencing technologies have identified genes and mechanisms for inherited skin diseases.
  • Nucleic acid therapeutics are emerging for other organs but not yet for skin diseases.
  • Current treatments for inherited skin diseases lack precision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging nucleic acid-based gene-editing and delivery modalities for skin diseases.
  • To examine viral and nanoparticle vehicles for gene therapy delivery to the skin.
  • To identify specific skin diseases that could optimally benefit from nucleic acid therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of nucleic acid therapeutics, gene editing techniques, and delivery systems.
  • Analysis of viral and nanoparticle-based gene delivery vehicles.
  • Identification of target skin diseases based on genetic basis and therapeutic potential.

Main Results:

  • Advances in gene editing and delivery systems are progressing.
  • Viral and nanoparticle vectors show promise for skin gene therapy.
  • Several inherited skin diseases are prime candidates for nucleic acid-based treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Nucleic acid therapeutics have the potential to revolutionize skin disease treatment.
  • Addressing skin biology barriers is crucial for successful implementation.
  • Precision medicine approaches are needed for inherited dermatological conditions.