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Potential of Exosomes as Multifunctional Nanocarriers for Targeted Drug Delivery
Safa Ali Al-Ani1, Qiao Ying Lee1, Danesha Maheswaran1
1School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
Molecular Biotechnology
|September 13, 2024
Summary
Exosomes, tiny vesicles mediating cell communication, are being engineered for advanced drug delivery. These modified exosomes offer improved targeting and longer circulation, paving the way for new nanomedicine treatments.
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology
- Nanotechnology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Exosomes are extracellular vesicles crucial for intercellular communication, transferring biomolecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins.
- They are implicated in various physiological processes and disease states.
- Natural exosomes have limitations for therapeutic applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in exosome nanotechnology for drug delivery.
- To discuss the progression and application of exosomes in drug delivery systems.
- To explore the commercialization potential and challenges of exosome-based therapies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of exosome-based drug delivery systems.
- Analysis of exosome modification strategies.
- Discussion of nanotechnology advancements in exosome engineering.
Main Results:
- Exosomes can be modified to enhance drug delivery efficiency, targeting, and circulation half-life.
- Exosome nanotechnology shows significant potential for targeted therapies.
- Challenges in commercialization and clinical translation exist.
Conclusions:
- Engineered exosomes represent a promising platform for advanced drug delivery.
- Further development of exosome-based theranostic nanoplatforms is crucial for improved healthcare.
- Overcoming challenges will accelerate the clinical application of exosome-based nanomedicine.
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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
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01:24Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport
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Drugs must traverse multiple biological barriers, such as multi-layered skin, single-layered intestinal epithelium, and the plasma membrane, to reach their target sites within the body. The plasma membrane, a highly structured composite of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, is the cell's protective boundary, facilitating selective substance exchange.
Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads oriented outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.
Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads oriented outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.
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