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Area of Science:

  • Computational Social Science
  • Public Health Informatics
  • Natural Language Processing

Background:

  • Big data from social media platforms like Reddit are increasingly available.
  • Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods can be leveraged to understand the opioid crisis.
  • Previous research has explored the application of NLP to social media data for public health issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and understand the application of NLP techniques to Reddit data for studying opioid use.
  • To map the overarching goals, methodologies, software, and limitations of studies using NLP on Reddit for opioid crisis research.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of peer-reviewed studies and conference abstracts up to July 19, 2022.
  • Inclusion criteria: studies on opioid use, using NLP, and analyzing Reddit data.
  • Data extraction focused on goals, findings, methodologies, software, and limitations.

Main Results:

  • 30 studies were included, categorized by goals: infodemiology (73%), infoveillance (23%), methodological (20%), and pharmacovigilance (10%).
  • Common NLP methods included embedding techniques (40%), prediction/classification (40%), topic modeling (30%), and sentiment analysis (20%).
  • Python (67%) was the primary programming language; a key limitation was uncertainty about Reddit user representativeness (40%).

Conclusions:

  • NLP techniques applied to Reddit data offer diverse applications for opioid crisis surveillance and social media interventions.
  • While NLP can identify and analyze opioid-relevant content, its interpretive meaning has limitations.
  • Standardized ethical guidelines are needed for using Reddit data to protect user anonymity and privacy.