Immobile to Ambulation: Complex Multijoint Pathologies in a Patient with Advanced HIV Disease: A Case Report

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Orthopedics
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Advanced HIV disease (AHD) is associated with various neurological and musculoskeletal complications.
• Antiretroviral therapy and prolonged immobility can exacerbate these issues, leading to significant functional decline.

Observation:

• A 30-year-old male with AHD presented with bilateral equinocavus, lower extremity muscle paresis, and severe joint ossification and stiffness.
• The patient experienced profound immobility, rendering him unable to sit, stand, or walk independently.

Findings:

• Electromyography revealed a demyelinating sensorimotor and axonal polyneuropathy in the lower extremities.
• Multiple surgical interventions on the hips, ankles, and feet were performed to address joint contractures and deformities.

Implications:

• Successful surgical restoration of joint mobility and foot alignment enabled the patient to achieve plantigrade feet and independent ambulation.
• This case highlights that multijoint pathologies in AHD can be surgically managed, offering potential for restoring ambulation and independence.