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Direct Collapse Supermassive Black Holes from Relic Particle Decay.

Yifan Lu1, Zachary S C Picker1, Alexander Kusenko1,2

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Researchers explored how supermassive black holes (SMBHs) form at high redshifts. They found that a Lyman-Werner (LW) background can trigger direct collapse, enabling SMBH formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • Cosmology
  • Black Hole Formation

Background:

  • Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at high redshifts pose a challenge to formation models.
  • Direct collapse of baryonic clouds is a proposed SMBH formation pathway.
  • Molecular hydrogen (H2) formation inhibits direct collapse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate SMBH formation via direct collapse.
  • Determine conditions for suppressing molecular hydrogen.
  • Explore the role of Lyman-Werner (LW) photon backgrounds.

Main Methods:

  • Dynamically simulated baryonic cloud collapse.
  • Accounted for dark matter (DM) halo adiabatic contraction.
  • Modeled in-situ LW photon production within clouds.

Main Results:

  • Identified a viable parameter space for direct collapse.
  • Demonstrated H2 suppression via LW background from relic particle decay.
  • Showed that DM decay can facilitate direct collapse to SMBHs.

Conclusions:

  • Direct collapse is a feasible mechanism for high-redshift SMBH formation.
  • Relic particle decay provides a crucial LW background for H2 suppression.
  • This pathway offers a solution to the early SMBH puzzle.